Sublingual Immunotherapy for Seniors: An Alternative to Allergy Shots

Our immune system can become more sensitive to allergens as we age, making allergies a common issue for many seniors. While traditional allergy shots have been the go-to treatment option for years, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is becoming an increasingly popular alternative. 

This treatment involves placing a tablet under the tongue to decrease the body's sensitivity to the allergen gradually. It can be an effective and safe option for seniors who suffer from allergies. In this article, we’ll explore the basics of sublingual immunotherapy and why it might be an excellent option for seniors looking to reduce their allergy symptoms.

Understanding Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy for allergies is a potent treatment that can effectively alleviate allergic reactions to specific allergens. To understand the mechanism of this therapy, it’s essential to have a foundational understanding of what an allergy is. 

An allergy is the body's reaction to an external substance known as an allergen. The body produces antibodies that recognize the allergen as harmful, even though it isn't. These antibodies communicate with cells that release chemicals that cause allergic symptoms. Resulting symptoms may range from mild symptoms like a runny nose and itchy eyes to severe and life-threatening anaphylaxis, which requires immediate medical attention. 

Now that we have a basic understanding of allergies, let's delve into immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is a treatment that aids in reducing the immune system's sensitivity to an allergen. It works by decreasing the production of the "blocking" antibody that causes the symptoms. 

To achieve this outcome, the treatment gives a small dose of the allergen subcutaneously (under the skin) or sublingually (under the tongue). The amount increases over the following months and years, gradually decreasing the body's sensitivity to the allergen.

Most people need to continue the treatment for several years to enjoy the full extent of results. Results often appear within the first year, but the best results usually begin in years two and three. 

What is Sublingual Immunotherapy?

There are two types of immunotherapy: subcutaneous immunotherapy, which involves injections under the skin, and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), which is administered under the tongue. If the thought of needles makes you uneasy, SLIT might be a good option for you.

The FDA has approved SLIT tablets for ragweed, dust mites, and certain types of grasses. While the options with this treatment are limited, it can be very effective in reducing allergy symptoms. To administer the treatment, place a tablet under your tongue for a minute or two until it dissolves, then swallow the remnants.

You will repeat this process three to seven days per week, depending on your allergy, and over time, the tablets will increase your tolerance to the allergen and reduce your symptoms.

While allergy drops are also a highly effective option, it's important to note that they are not FDA-approved and are off-label in the U.S.

Is Sublingual Immunotherapy as Effective as Subcutaneous Immunotherapy?

Subcutaneous immunotherapy is often considered the go-to pick for allergy immunotherapy. However, if you or your loved one doesn’t enjoy needles, you might wonder if the sublingual approach is an effective alternative. 

Luckily, both are highly effective in treating various allergies. If you choose sublingual allergy tablets, your options are somewhat limited. However, sublingual allergy drops can treat a wide range of allergens. 

For some, sublingual allergy immunotherapy might be the superior option. It doesn’t require visiting your doctor’s office frequently, which can be handy for seniors who need assistance getting to and from healthcare visits. Additionally, it’s often considered a safe option, as unlike subcutaneous immunotherapy, mortalities and adverse reactions are highly unlikely. 

Of course, everyone is different, so if you’re considering immunotherapy for yourself or a loved one, ensure you discuss options with your healthcare provider before selecting one. 

Closing Thoughts

Sublingual immunotherapy can be an excellent alternative to traditional allergy shots for seniors with allergies. Sublingual immunotherapy is safe, easy to administer, and highly effective in reducing allergy symptoms. 

By gradually increasing your body's tolerance to the allergen, sublingual immunotherapy can help seniors enjoy a better quality of life without the burden of allergies. If you or your loved one suffers from allergies, be sure to speak with your healthcare provider about whether sublingual immunotherapy might be right for you.